Abstract introduction several inherent risk factors for lower limb injury are proposed, including lack of proper knee and body control in landing and cutting movements, low muscle strength, reduced balance, and increased ligament relaxation, but there are still many questions that have not been answered.
The overall objective of this study project is to study the anatomy, bioengineering, neuromuscular, genetic and demographic risk factors of non-traumatic injury
Young team athletes are exposed to lower limb injuries.
In addition, the research project aims to develop clinical-oriented screening tools that predict future risk of injury.
Methods of young male and female players (n=508)
Nine basketball teams, nine rolling teams, three hockey teams and one volleyball team accepted the invitation to participate in this 4-and-half-
The year aheadup study.
Participants entered the study in 2011, 2012 or 2013, and blood samples, physical tests, and baseline questionnaires were conducted.
After the screening test begins, athletes will be tracked for sports injuries by December 2015.
The main result is traumatic non-
Contact with lower limb injury.
The second result is other sports.
Related damage
The risk of injury was examined based on anatomy, biomechanics, neuromuscular, genetic and other baseline factors.
A single-variable and multi-variable regression model will be used to study the association between parameters and risk of injury.
The introduction presents several inherent risk factors for lower limb injury, including the lack of proper knee and body control in landing and cutting movements, low muscle strength, reduced balance, and an increase in ligament relaxation, but there are still many questions that have not been answered.
The overall objective of this study project is to study the anatomy, bioengineering, neuromuscular, genetic and demographic risk factors of non-traumatic injury
Young team athletes are exposed to lower limb injuries.
In addition, the research project aims to develop clinical-oriented screening tools that predict future risk of injury.
Methods of young male and female players (n=508)
Nine basketball teams, nine rolling teams, three hockey teams and one volleyball team accepted the invitation to participate in this 4-and-half-
The year aheadup study.
Participants entered the study in 2011, 2012 or 2013, and blood samples, physical tests, and baseline questionnaires were conducted.
After the screening test begins, athletes will be tracked for sports injuries by December 2015.
The main result is traumatic non-
Contact with lower limb injury.
The second result is other sports.
Related damage
The risk of injury was examined based on anatomy, biomechanics, neuromuscular, genetic and other baseline factors.
A single-variable and multi-variable regression model will be used to study the association between parameters and risk of injury.
Introduction Finnish children and teenagers participate in organized sports activities in their spare time, team sports such as ice hockey and floor balls are most popular among these young people.
Unfortunately, these popular movements also include the risk of trauma and overuse injuries.
In particular, the incidence of ankle and knee trauma is high, most likely 2-8, as players often perform quick cutting movements.
In addition, other trauma such as muscle strain and bruises, as well as excessive use
Related skeletal problems of lower limbs (LE)
It is common in these sports.
2-8 ACL breakage seems to be a serious problem in many team sports.
3, 6, 9 these effects on female players are more frequent than male players, and it is estimated that the risk of female players tearing ACL is about 4-6 times higher than that of male players.
ACL damage can result in a long time
Prolonged absence of exercise and significantly increased risk after exercise
Traumatic degenerative joint disease
Nevertheless, there are still few studies on the risk factors of youth sports.
In addition, much of the knowledge about the risk factors of traumatic LE injury comes from studies focusing only on one or several risk factors, although it is considered that motor injury is the result of the interaction of multiple factors and events.
Early studies at 13-16 showed that LE injury was prone to recurrence, and previous injuries were the main risk factors for re-injury and new injuries.
Other risk factors discussed in the 17-19 sports injury literature include joint relaxation, 20-22 pre-pelvic tilt, poor 23 LE arrangement, poor muscle strength at 23-25, and muscle imbalance, 25, 26 Poor balance 27 and defects in nerve muscle control and motor mode.
However, young people aged 25 or 28 know little about the various risk factors suggested and their potential interactions with LE injuries.
Therefore, we decided to study a range of different potential risk factors, including anatomy, neuromuscles, bioengineering, genetic and population screening measures in this study, to evaluate their role as potential predictors of traumatic LE injury.
If screening tests can be used to detect young athletes with higher risk of injury, this will be an important step forward in developing more effective prevention of motor injury.
Methods objective the overall purpose of this study project is to study the anatomy, bioengineering, neuromuscular, genetic and demographic risk factors of non-traumatic injury
Contact injuries of young team athletes.
The main research questions are: What factors are future trauma
Contact le?
In addition, the research project aims to develop clinical-directed screening tools with good sensitivity and specificity to predict the risk of LE injury in the future.
Research design and definition this is a 4. 5-
An annual prospective cohort study of two different data collection periods.
In the first 3-
Annual Study period (
May 2-20, 2011-April 30), all new time-
Loss injuries, including over-use and trauma injuries, are registered once a week, while in the second registration. 5-
Annual Study period (
May 1-20, 2014-December 31), two cross-
A Segmentation survey is being conducted on the occurrence of new ACL injuries during the latter data collection period.
The effectiveness and reliability of the study measurements and questionnaires were evaluated in a pilot study at the Finnish Tampere UKK Institute in 2010.
These definitions follow the guidelines for the study of motor injury by Fuller et al. 29.
We invited 27 teams (
About 650 players)
From Finland to participate in the study: 10 basketball, 10 falling earth, 3 ice-
Hockey, 2 handball, 2 volleyball teams.
Basketball and flooring teams were recruited from six sports clubs in Tampere City, Finland. Ice-
Hockey, handball and volleyball teams are invited to participate through the National Sports Association of these sports. Twenty-
One of the invited teams is the young men and women team (
Age 13-21)
From the two highest youth league levels, six are the adult elite women\'s team.
The reason for inviting adult women is the high proportion of young players.
The managers of various sports clubs/sports associations were contacted on January/February 2011 and they all agreed to support team recruitment.
We have since invited coaches from 27 teams to an information conference and we encourage teams to take one or more baseline exams (
May 2011, April/May 2012 and/or April/May 2013)
And the subsequent data collection cycle (
Until December 2015).
9 basketball team, 9 flooring team, coach of 3 hockey team
The Hockey team and a volleyball team agreed to participate in the study.
The final participation is based on the informed written consent of each player (
Parents/guardians if the player is under 18 years old).
If the players are a regular member of the team, we will include them.
Player traffic (n=508)
As shown in Figure 1.
Download figureOpen in the new tabDownload powerpoint figure 1, the flow of teams and players.
The first data collection cycle (May 2011—April 2014)
In the first 3 years of the study, baseline examinations, including questionnaires and physical tests, were conducted annually at the UKK Institute in Tampere, Finland, in April (
2 teams conducted baseline checks in September).
After each baseline check (
2011, 2012 and 2013)a 12-month follow-
During this period-
Movement damage and exposure data were recorded.
Each group can choose which of the three baseline checks they wish to complete.
However, we encourage teams and players to take all three test classes (
2011, 2012 and 2013)
Because in this young group, various factors may change over time.
Participants who did not participate in the next baseline check received a network
Based on the questionnaire, check the integrity and coverage of injury and exposure data collection in the follow-up actions described above
And whether they would like to participate in the next follow-upup year.
A total of 508 players entered the study, of which 190 players joined the study in the first year, 115 players in the second year, and 203 players in the third year (figure 1).
Baseline questionnaire at each baseline check (
2011, 2012, 2013)
Each player has completed a detailed questionnaire, problem history covering population information such as age, gender, dominant leg, nutrition, alcohol and tobacco use, menstruation, chronic disease, medication, oral contraceptive use, family history of skeletal diseases, anterior ACL injury number of years, player position, level and time-
In the past 12 months, damage has been lost, and the history of training and competition (
See Supplementary Appendix 1 online).
The questionnaire was based on previous motor injury studies in our group.
3, 30-32 in addition, the player completed the questionnaire survey of knee function (
See Supplementary Appendix 2 online)
History of lower back pain (LBP)(
See Appendix 3 for online supplement).
The question about knee function is based on the results score of knee and osteoarthritis (KOOS)
The 33-year-old form has been shown to be an effective way to assess knee problems after surgical treatment.
The Medlar questionnaire is based on the standardized Nordic muscle bone symptom questionnaire 34 and its modified version for athletes.
35 standardized Nordic Questionnaire on skeletal health has been shown to be an effective and reliable method for adult data collection.
When the player performed the first baseline check, the health professional was authorized to extract 34 DNA samples from a total of 5 ml of venous blood.
We will investigate the relationship between the damage and genetic variation of the structural components of tendon and ligament coding genes (
For example, the alpha 1 chain of type I collagen (COL1A1)
Gene and Alpha 1 chain of Type V collagen (COL5A1)gene).
Using 36, 37 physical testsA comprehensive test batteries to study the potential anatomical, biomechanical, and neuromuscular risk factors for injury (
See Supplementary Appendix 4-18 online).
31, 38-40 screening test sessions include warm-
Tests and physical tests conducted at seven test stations (table 1).
Each player spent a total of about 6 Thanh to complete all the tests.
Athletes wear shorts, sports bras (females)
Indoor basketball and falling shoes.
Some tests were performed without shoes (
Balance test, foot spin test and human body measurement, for example).
View this table: View inline View pop-up table 1 physical test damage and exposure registration during the first data collection (
Maybe 2011-2014)
, All injuries were registered through a structured questionnaire, including the time, place, cause, type, location and severity of the injury (
See Supplementary Appendix 19 online).
The problem used in the damage table is based on the validation problem of previous floor studies.
3. five research doctors are responsible for the collection of damage data.
The doctor contacted the team once a week to check for possible new injuries.
After each reported injury, a researcher interviewed the injured player using the above structured questionnaire.
If the player is unable to fully participate in the game or practice within the next 24 hours, the injury will be recorded.
The severity of the injury is defined as the number of days missed in training and competition.
The player is defined as injured until she/he is able to train and play normally again. During follow-
Each coach recorded the player\'s participation in training and competition in the team\'s diary, and recorded all the injured players.
Number of players participating in training (yes/no)
Duration of training courses (h)
, Training course content (
Sports training/condition training)
Attendance at each game (yes/no)
, Recorded separately for each player.
At the end of each follow-up activity
A month later, the coach returned the team diary to the research team.
At the end of the first data collection cycle (May 2014)
All participants received
Check the integrity and coverage of injury and exposure data collection based on the questionnaireup year.
The second data collection cycle (
Maybe 2014-2015)In the final 1.
The contestants were tracked twice in five study years (
May 2015 and December 2015)
Questionnaire with automatic SMS (
SMS (SMS)
About the occurrence of ACL injury of knee joint during follow-up
Up: Is your knee ACL injured (no/yes)?
After each new ACL injury, the research doctor or physical therapist contacted the injured athlete and interviewed her/him using a structured questionnaire (
See Supplementary Appendix 19 online).
Injured players are required to obtain separate permission to allow researchers to check ACL damage information from their medical records.
All players who enter the study and take a blood test or at least one physical test (
2011, 2012 or 2013)
Was included in the latter 1. 5-year follow-up (n=495).
The main result is traumatic LE injury (
Knee or ankle ligament injury, hamstring injury)
Happened in Africa
Contact Information.
The second result is other sports. related injury.
Examine the risk of injury based on anatomy, biochemistry, neuromuscles, genetics, and other baseline factors (
Age, gender, sports, previous injuries, for example).
We will also investigate
Please contact ACL damage if the sample size is sufficient for analysis.
The sample size is based on Bahr and Holme, and the 58 sample size requires 20-50 injuries to detect a moderate to strong correlation between risk factors and injury risk.
Strong associations are defined as relative risks above two.
According to previous research estimates, 0. 2–0. 6 non-
Contact le injuries3-5, 7, 8, 30 and 0.
Each player has 02 ACL injuries 3 or 4 times a year.
Therefore, we estimate that in the first three years of the study, there were at least 90 non-
If we recruit 150 participants per year, there will be contact injuries among the participants (
A total of 450 peopleyears).
Accordingly, the estimated number of ACL damages in total of 4. 5-year follow-
There will be 30 injuries and we will be able to recruit 150 new participants in each study year (
2011, 2012 and 2013)
If we stick to the end of the study (
A total of 1575 peopleyears).
Statistical analysis descriptive statistics of baseline features of participants will be reported using mean, SD and 95% CIs.
The incidence of injuries will be expressed as the number of injuries trained and played every 1000 h (
The damage registered during the first data collection could be 2011-2014)
And the number of injuries per person-years (
ACL damage for a total of 4 times. 5-year follow-up).
To identify risk factors, a single variable and multivariate regression model will be applied to investigate the association between the investigated parameters and the damage.
In the data analysis of multi-level modeling, we will consider the cluster.
Adjustments and unadjusted results will be submitted. A p value